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THE CONTENTS
OF
THOMAS PAINE'S WRITINGS

Containing

The Major & Minor Works, and Letters

Being
The Edition of

Philip S. Foner
The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine
Citadel Press, New York, 1945

With Additional Notes and Translations

Moncure Daniels Conway
President of TPNHA, 1906-7
The Writings of Thomas Paine
G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1894-96

William M. Van der Weyde
President of TPNHA, 1915-29
The Life and Works of Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine National Historical Association
New Rochelle, New York, 1925

THOMAS EDISON'S INTRODUCTION
The Life and Works of Thomas Paine, Vol. I, p.vii-ix.

p.vii

IT IS, indeed, a privilege to me to be permitted to say a few words by way of introduction to this new biography of a man whom I have always regarded as one of the greatest of all Americans. Never have we had a sounder intelligence in this republic.

It was my good fortune to encounter Thomas Paine's works in my boyhood. I discovered a set of the writings of Paine on my father's bookshelves when I was thirteen. It was, indeed, a revelation to me to read that great thinker's views on political and theological subjects. Paine educated me then about many matters of which I had never before thought. I remember very vividly the flash of enlightenment that shone from Paine's writings, and I recall thinking at that time "What a pity these works are not today the school-books for all children!" My interest in Paine and his writings was not satisfied by my first reading of his works. I went back to them time and again, just as I have done since my boyhood days.

Paine's works are a crystallization of acute human reasoning, and they will surely be appreciated more

p.viii

and more as the awakening world reads what he has written.

I have, of course, always been much interested in Paine as an inventor, and I am glad that there is a separate chapter in this biography which reveals this side of the great man's mental activities. It is a phase of the brilliant author's ingenious mind which has been obscured to a great extent by the splendor of his other works. Important as were some of Paine's mechanical inventions, they seem to me of minor interest, however, when we consider "Common Sense," and Paine's planning of this great American republic, of which he may very justly be termed the real founder.

Paine was too great a libertarian to be satisfied with the independence of America, so he went abroad and sought freedom for England with his "Rights of Man." There he was outlawed and hung in effigy for his pains, but "Rights of Man" is today, as has been pointed out., the living Constitution of modern England.

Far writing his next great book, "Age of Reason,"' an important theological work, Paine was burnt in effigy, and was vilified outrageously. But we need only recall the life-stories of the world's great reformers, from Christ down, who have been crucified

p.ix

and burned at the stake, to realize that "the world moves," as Galileo, one of the noblest of the victims of intolerance, insisted, and we may rest assured that, if Thomas Paine did not receive a just measure of appreciation in his lifetime, the world has at last commenced to properly appraise his worth and importance, as is exemplified by this new biography, and the new edition of Paine's writings.

Thomas Paine should be read by his countrymen.

Vice-President of TPNHA, 1922-29

MAJOR WORKS

(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. I, p. vii)

INTRODUCTION -- THOMAS PAINE: WORLD CITIZEN AND DEMOCRAT

COMMON SENSE [January 10, 1776.]

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. I, p. 2.)

Common Sense, published anonymously, was issued at Philadelphia on January 10, 1776, and immediately became a best seller reaching an extraordinary circulation. This fifty-page pamphlet became the war-cry of the Revolutionary movement as tens of thousands of copies circulated through the country. It called boldly for a declaration of independence; denounced the King of England as a "hardened, sullen tempered Pharaoh," "the Royal Brute of Great Britain"; vigorously attacked all forms of monarchy and the very principle of monarchism; made the first appeal for an American Republic, and urged the colonies to establish in North America a haven of refuge for the oppressed peoples of the world.

THE CRISIS PAPERS [December 1776 - December 1783.]

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. I, p. 48.)

During the long and difficult struggle against England, Paine bore his full share as soldier and public official. But it was through his powerful pen that he best served the Revolutionary cause. At every critical point during the war, a new article came from his pen, written in language the plain people in the Continental Army and on the home front could understand, to bolster the Patriot forces, to explain the reasons for defeat and to rally the Americans for the next battle with the enemy with such ringing phrases as, "'The United States of America' will sound as pompously in the world or in history, as the 'Kingdom of Great Britain'"; "We have crowded the business of an age into the compass of a few months"; and "We fight not to enslave, but to set a country free, and to make room upon earth for honest men to live in." For the significance of these articles in bolstering the morale of the fighting men, see Philip S. Foner, Morale Education in the American Army: War for Independence, War of 1812, and Civil War, New York, 1944,

Paine wrote sixteen pamphlets in the series which he entitled The Amencan Crisis and signed them Common Sense. The papers were issued in thirteen numbered pamphlets with three additional numbers between 1776 and 1783. He ridiculed British officers, denounced the Tories, clarified the issues at stake in the war, appealed to the people of England to abandon making war on their former colonies, flayed the advocates of negotiated peace, drew up schemes for taxation and proposed plans for the strengthening of the American Union. These pamphlets, printed on many types and scraps of paper, were distributed widely, but Paine with his customary devotion to the Revolutionary cause refused to accept a penny for his work, even going into debt to cover the cost of publication.

The American Crisis I [Written December 23, 1776.]

The American Crisis II [Written January 13, 1777.]

The American Crisis III [Written April 19, 1777.]

The American Crisis IV [Written September 12, 1777.]

The American Crisis V [Written March 21, 1778.]

The American Crisis VI [Written October 20, 1778.]

The American Crisis VII [Written November 21, 1778.]

The American Crisis VIII [Written March, 1780.]

The American Crisis IX [Written June 9, 1780.]

The Crisis Extraordinary [Published October 4, 1780.]

The American Crisis X [Written March 5, 1782.]

The American Crisis XI [Wriiten May 22, 1782.]

A Supernumerary Crisis [Written May 31, 1782.]

The American Crisis XII [Written October 29, 1782.]

The American Crisis XIII [Written April 19, 1783.]

A Supernumerary Crisis [Written December 9, 1783.]

RIGHTS OF MAN

Editor Foner's Note
{Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. I, p. 242.}

What Common Sense meant for the people of America in their struggle for' independence and democracy, the Rights of Man meant for all people everywhere struggling to overthrow oppression. As during the American Revolu. tion, so during the French Revolution Thomas Paine brought home sharply to the people the most advanced thought of the age. Indeed, in some sections of this work Paine advocated social measures which were far in advance of his time and singularly prophetic of the future development of enlightened government. Paine boldly announced that it was the duty of the State to care for the indigent and the young, and declared that those who received such assistance were entitled to it, "not as a matter of grace and favour but as a right." These old-age pensions were to be paid for in part by those taxes to which every one contributed and in part by further exactions "from those whose circumstances did not require them to draw such support," and this program he defended as "not of the nature of a charity but of a right." Expenditures for public education, old age pensions, state aid to the youth, unemployment insurance and soldiers' bonus, he argued, were far better employed than in the support of useless royalty. "is it then better," he asked, that the lives of 144,000 aged persons be rendered comfortable or that one, million a year of public money be expended on any one individual, and him often of the most worthless or insignificant character?" Equally interesting was his demand for the removal of all legislation restricting wages of workmen. "Several laws are in existence," he wrote, "for regulating and limiting workmen's wages. Why not leave them as free to make their own bargains as the lawmakers are to let their farms and houses? Personal labour is all the property they have. Why is that little and the little freedom they enjoy to be infringed?"

The Rights of Man was written as a defence of the French Revolution and its principles. Paine was visiting Europe when the great upheaval in France broke out. On November 1, 1790, Edmund Burke's pamphlet, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings of Certain Societies in London Relative to That Event came off the press. Without hesitation Paine flung himself into the fight and at once set himself to answer Burke's reactionary attack on the French and English popular movements. But the Rights of Man was more than a vigorous answer to Burke's prejudiced arguments. It was also a clearcut statement of the philosophy of all democratic movements.

Rights of Man, Part First [Published February, 1791.]

Rights of Man, Part Second [Published February, 17, 1792.]

THE AGE OF REASON

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. I, p. 460.)

Paine always made it his practice to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of science, so that when he prepared to begin writing The Age of Reason he was in the position to apply all the discoveries in the field of scientific knowledge to incidents related in the Old and New Testaments. In essence, therefore, the work is an application of reason to the Bible, in the light of the Newtonian principles of science, and is devoted chiefly to a careful analysis of the revelations, prophecies, miracles and stories related in that book. Actually, Paine was doing for the English world what had already been done in France by men like Voltaire and Diderot. Moreover, he was doing what Jefferson had advised his nephew Peter Carr to do as early as August 10, 1787. "Fix reason firmly in her seat," wrote Jefferson in his letter of advice, "and call to her tribunal every fact, every opinion. Question with boldness even the existence of a God; because if there be one, He must more approve of the homage of reason, than that of blindfold fear. You will naturally examine first, the religion of your own country. Read the Bible, then, as you would read Livy or Tacitus. . . . Your own reason is the only oracle given you by heaven, and you are answerable, not for the rightness, but the uprightness of the decision." (Philip S. Foner, editor, Thomas Jefferson Selections from His Writings, p. 76.)

The Age of Reason, Part First [January 28, 1794.]

The Age Of Reason, Part Second [October 25, 1795.]

AGRARIAN JUSTICE

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. I, p. 605.)

In this work, his last great pamphlet, published in the winter of 1795-1796, Paine continued the discussion he began in Part II of the Rights of Man of the problem of the elimination of poverty and developed further his proposals for limiting the accumulation of property. The crux of the entire question of eliminating poverty, he points out, lay in the institution of private property, for this principle was the source of the evils of society. Landed property and private property, he argued, were made possible only by the operation of society since whatever property men accumulated beyond their own labor came from the fact that they lived in society. ". . . The accumulation of personal property," he wrote, "is, in many instances, the effect of paying too little for the labor that produced it; the consequence of which is, that the working hand perishes in old age, and the employer abounds in affluence." God had never opened a land office, he held, from which perpetual deeds to the earth should be issued. He spoke, he boldly declared, for "all those who have been thrown out of their natural inheritance by the introduction of the system of landed property."

Agrarian Justice [Winter 1985-1796.]

ARTICLES & MEMORABILIA
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. v-xiv)

PHILIP S. FONER'S INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Vol. II, (p. xv-xvi)

A various stages during his life Thomas Paine outlined plans for the publication of his writings, but the project was never carried out. Not until 1896 did the first comprehensive collection of his writings, edited by Moncure D. Conway, make its appearance . Since that time additional writings have been printed by others; in 1925 a ten volume edition of Paine's works, edited by William M. Van der Weyde, was published under the auspices of the Thomas Paine National Historical Association. Even then, however, a considerable body of Paine's writings in the form of essays and articles written for contemporary journals and letters and memorials in the manuscript collections of libraries and historical societies remained to be included in a collected edition of his works.

All of these additional writings available at present have been included in this volume along with all of Paine's other writings previously published, except what has already appeared in the first volume of this edition. About 225 pieces in this volume have never been included in any previous collection of Paine's writings. These include a number of extremely significant essays on political and economic affairs in America and Europe which were never before known to have been written by Paine and which were only identified through references in Raine's unpublished manuscripts. The volume includes a section of correspondence and memorials which consists of scores of letters which either have never been printed before or have been printed in part only. The source of the texts appear in the notes and introductions which also describe the circumstances of publication and orient the individual selections to the events of the time.

In the first volume a chronological arrangement of the texts was followed. It has seemed best in this volume to arrange the texts topically so that the reader could follow Paine's ideas on various issues without being distracted by other questions he discussed at the same time. Within each section, however, a chronological arrangement of the articles and letters has usually been followed, and cross-references have been included throughout the volume to guide the reader to other (p.xvi) writings of Paine referred to in the text. It is to be hoped that those who wish to study Paine's ideas as they developed will be assisted by the Chronological Table of his writings printed in the first volume.

The writings in this volume amply justify the recent election of Thomas Paine to the Hall of Fame in New York University. In this volume the reader meets the Thomas Paine who is still too little known even to learned students of the period. Here he will see not only Paine, the humanitarian and inspired agitator, but also Paine, the keen analyst of social and economic problems, Paine, the champion of a strong Federal Union, Paine, the potent advocate of universal suffrage and equality of men, Paine, the staunch defender of Jeffersonian Democracy, Paine, the proponent of intensive scientific research, and Paine, the distinguished inventor who influenced the entire development of the iron bridge and, in the words of George Stephenson, the locomotive engineer, whose "daring in engineering does full 'justice to the fervor of his political career." [1] Seem all this, the reader will readily agree that the time has come once and for all to end the torrent of abuse that has been heaped upon Thomas Paine for about a hundred and fifty years.

[1] (p.xvi) New American Cyclopedia, vol. XII, 1863, p. 665.

HUMANITARIANISM

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 2.)

Paine's proposals for democratic reforms in existing society run through almost all of his writings, but on several occasions he devoted special articles to the subject. An examination of these articles reveal the extent of Paine's interest in the improvement of society, for they range from discussions on the need for higher wages for workingmen to observations on the barbaric custom of duelling, with such basic questions as anti-slavery, woman's rights, educational reform, and oppression of colonial peoples occupying a prominent place in the discussion. Even if he had never written anything else, the articles contained in this section would have made Paine one of America's significant writers.

Case of the Officers of Excise
[Written & Published Late 1772; Re-Published 1793.]

African Slavery in America
[Written 1774; Published March 8, 1775.]

A Serious Thought
[Published October 18, 1775.]

Emancipation of Slaves
[March 1, 1780.]

Reflections on the Life and Death of Lord Clive
[Published March, 1775]

Duelling
[Published May, 1775.]

Reflections on Titles
[Published May, 1775.]

An Occasional Letter on the Female Sex
[Published August, 1775.]

The American Philosophical Society
[Pennsylvania General Assembly Bill, February 14, 1780.]

The Society for Political Inquiries
[Written By February 9, 1787.]

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 46.)

Common Sense and the sixteen papers in the series entitled The American Crisis are well known, but too often the other articles written by Paine on the American Revolution are entirely ignored. Yet at the time these articles were written, they were widely reprinted throughout the country, inspired the patriots and provided them with useful ammunition with which to combat the enemy and his allies in this country. Paine's observations on critical issues related to the conduct of a people's war are still valuable today, and even when the discussion seems remote, the fact that it is presented in his usual clear and vigorous style makes it fascinating reading.

A Dialogue between General Wolfe and
General Gage in a Wood Near Boston
[Published January 4, 1775.]

The Dream Interpreted
[Published May, 1775 (Foner) or June 1775 (Van der Weyde).]

Thoughts on Defensive War
[Published July, 1775.]

Epistle to Quakers
[Written February 1776.]

A Dialogue between the Ghost of General Montgomery
and an American Delegate
[Written January 1776 (?); Published May 1776.]

The Forester's Letters

1. To Cato
[Written March 28, 1776; Published April 3, 1776.]

2. To Cato
[Written April 8, 1776; Published April 10, 1776.]

3. To Cato
[Published April 24, 1776.]

4. To Cato
[Published May 8, 1776.]

Retreat Across the Delaware
[Published January 29, 1777.]

The Affair of Silas Deane

      1. To Silas Deane Esq're
           (The Affair of Silas Deane -- Conway's & Van der Weyde's Title.)
           [Written December 14, 1778; Published December 15, 1778.]

2. To The Public
[Written December 28, 1778; Published December 29, 1778.]

3. To The Public On Mr. Deane's Affair
[Published December 31, 1778 & January 2, 5, 7, and 9, 1779.]

4. To The Public On Robert Morris's Address
[Written January 11, 1779; Published January 12, 1779.]

5. To Mr. Deane
[Written January 15, 1779; Published January 16, 1779.]

6. To Philalethes
[Written January 20, 1779; Pub. January 21, 1779.]

7. To The People Of America
[Published January 23, 1779]

8. On Philalethes
[Written 25, 1779; Published January 26, 1779.]

9. To Silas Deane, Esquire
[Written February 13, 1779; Published February 16, 1779.]

10. Reply To Gouverneur Morris
[Written March 1, 1779; Published March 2, 1779.]

11. To Mr. Deane
[Written March 26, 1779; Published 27, 1779.]

12. To Mr. Deane
[Written April 10, 1779; Published April 13, 1779.]

13. To Whitehead Humphreys
[July 16, 1779]

14. The Philadelphia Committee To Robert Morris
[Written July 21, 1779; Published July 24, 1779.]

15. To The Public
[Written July 30, 1779; Published July 31, 1779.]

16. To Mr. Dunlap
[Published August 10, 1779.]

17. Messrs. Deane, Jay, and GÈrard
[Published September 14, 1779.]

18. To The Public
[Published March 13, 1782.]

Peace, and the Newfoundland Fisheries

1. First Letter
[Written June 26, 1779; Published June 30, 1779.]

2. Second Letter
[Written July 12, 1779; Published July 14, 1779.]

3. Third Letter
[Written July 17, 1779; Published July 21, 1779.]

A Plan for Recruiting the Army
[Wriiten June, 1780.]

Two Plans for Procuring the Supplies
[Written June, 1780.]

Letter to the Abbé Raynal
[Published 1782.]

The Address of the Citizens of Philadelphia, and of the Liberties thereof,
to his Excellency, the President, and Congress of the United States
[Written July 1783; Published August 6, 1783]

NATIONAL AND STATE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, 1777-1787

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 268.)

The idea is still too prevalent that Paine was simply a revolutionary propagandist whose usefulness was confined to that of agitating and arousing the population. The truth is, of course, that he was a keen analyst of political and economic trends, and offered, in his writings, valuable suggestions that helped shape the destiny of the American nation. Paine's discussion of political and economic issues facing the country during and after the Revolutionary war ranks highest in the literature of the era, and contains some of his most advanced writing. Since most of the material in the following section has never been included in any previous collection of Paine's writings, it was difficult hitherto to evaluate the extent of his contribution to our national development in the post-Revolutionary era. Now that this material is available, it is to be hoped that the popular misconception of Paine's role as a writer will be altered.

To the People
[Published March 18, 1777.]

Candid and Critical Remarks on a Letter Signed Ludlow
[Puublished June 4, 1777.]

A Serious Address to the People of Pennsylvania
on the Present Situation of Their Affairs
[Published December 1, 5, 10, 12, 1778.]

Public Good
[Published December 30, 1780.]

Six Letters to Rhode Island (To The Providence Gazette)

     1. In Answer To the Citizen of Rhode Island
          On the Five Per Cent. Duty
          [Published November 23, 1782.]

     2. In Answer To the Citizen of Rhode Island
          On the Five Per Cent. Duty
          [Published December 4, 1782.]

     3. In Answer To the Citizen of Rhode Island
          On the Five Per Cent. Duty
          [Written January 1, 1783; Published January 4, 1783.]

4. On The Five Per Cent. Duty
[Written January 9, 1783; Published January 11, 1783.]

5. On The Five Per Cent. Duty
[Written January 16, 1783; Published January 18, 1783.]

6. On The Five Per Cent. Duty
[Written 31, 1783; Published February 1, 1783.]

Dissertations on Government; the Affairs of
the Bank; and Paper Money
[Published February 18, 1786.]

Letters on the Bank

1. Letters On The Bank
[Published March 25.]

2. To The Printers
[Written April 3, 1786; Published April 4, 1786.]

3. To The Printers
[Written April 6, 1786; Published April 7, 1786.]

4. To The Public
[Written April 17, 1786; Published April 20, 1786.]

5. On The Advantage of a Public Bank
[Written June 17, 1786; Published June 20, 1786.]

6. Addressed To the Opposers Of the Bank
[Written March 5, 1787; Published March 7, 1787.]

THE PROSECUTION OF RIGHTS OF MAN

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 442.)

Rights of Man divided British public opinion into Burkeites and Paineites, inspired a generation of democratic reformers, and formed the programs of hundreds of popular societies which sprang up throughout Great Britain. It was inevitable, therefore, that British royalty would seek frantically to destroy the influence of the writer who had dared to defend the French Revolution and outline a social program which could win the support of all progressive forces, from upper class liberals, led by Charles James Fox, to working class democrats, directed by Thomas Hardy, the shoemaker. When the government failed to prevent the publication of Part II of the Rights of Man, it moved against Paine himself. On June 8, 1792, the author was charged with sedition and his trial was set for December 18. Before he could be arrested, Paine fled to France. But as soon as it was rumored that the government would prosecute him, Paine began to prepare his public replies to his accusers. These replies, answering the charges. levelled against him, contain valuable elaborations of various issues raised in the Rights of Man.

Letter To the British Attorney-General (Sir Archibald Macdonald)
[Written May 1792.]

Letter To Mr. Secretary Dundas
[Written June 6, 1792.]

Letters to Onslow Cranley

1. First Letter [June 17, 1792.]

2. Second Letter [June 21, 1792.]

Letter To the Sheriff of the County of Sussex
[Written June 30, 1792.]

Letter To Mr. Secretary Dundas
[Written September 15, 1792.]

Letter Addressed to the Addressers on the Late Proclamation
[Summer, 1792.]

Letter To the English Attorney-General, on the
Prosecution against the Second Part of Rights of Man
[Written November 11, 1792.]

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 516.)

Paine's writings on the French Revolution fall into two categories: replies to those who stigmatized the revolutionists as monsters determined to overthrow religion, family and all that was decent in established society, and appeals to the French people for the purpose of advancing the revolutionary cause. Even though Paine opposed the execution of Louis XVI, his writings denouncing the king and monarchy and proclaiming the need for establishing a republic, contributed vastly to the anti-monarchical feeling which swept France after the king's flight. Again, although Paine was opposed to the Jacobins, his observations on constitutional reforms, expressed vividly in Dissertations on First Principles of Government and The Constitution of 1795, reveal that he was no tool of the conservative upper-class groups. Had Paine associated more with the common people in France, his writings would have been even more influential. Nevertheless, the essays and articles contained in this section will always rank high in collections of the literature of democracy.

A Republican Manifesto
[Placarded Paris July 1, 1791.]

To the Abbé Sieyés
[Published July 16, 1791.]

Answer to Four Questions on the Legislative and Executive Powers
[Written Spring & Summer 1791.]
[Published June & July, 1792.]

Address and Declaration
[Published August 20, 1791.]

Address to the People of France
[Written September 25, 1792.]

An Essay for the Use of New Republicans in Their Opposition to Monarchy
(Anti-Monarchal Essay For the Use of New Republicans,
-- Conway's Title based on the French Title.)
[October 20, 1792.]

On the Propriety of Bringing Louis XVI to Trial
[Written November 20, 1792;
Given in the French National Convention November 21, 1792.]

Reasons for Preserving the Life of Louis Capet
[Given in the French National Convention, January 15, 1793.]

Shall Louis XVI Be Respited [?]
[Given in the French National Convention, January 19, 1793.]

Plan of a Declaration of the Natural, Civil and Political Rights of Man
[Written January, 1793.]

A Citizen of America to the Citizens of Europe
[Written July 28, 1793.]

Observations on the Situation of the Powers Joined against France
[Written January, 1793.]

Observations on Jay's Treaty
[Written Early 1795; Published July 2, 1795.]

Dissertation on First Principles of Government
[July, 1795.]

Memorial To Monroe [Early 1795.]
     (Containing the Following Letters)
     Letter To James Monroe [August 17, 1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [August 18, 1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [August 25, 1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [September 10,1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [October 4, 1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [October 13, 1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [October, 1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [October 20, 1794.]
     Letter To James Monroe [November 2, 1794 (?).]

The Constitution of 1795
[Written By July 7, 1795.]

The Eighteenth Fructidor
To the People of France and the French Armies
[Written Between September 4 and November 12, 1797.]

The Recall of Monroe
[Published September 27, 1797.]

Remarks on the Political and Military Affairs of Europe
[Written December 14, 1806.]

FIVE ESSAYS ON ENGLISH AFFAIRS, 1787-1807

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 620.)

No matter where he was, Paine never forgot that the victory of the Revolutionary cause depended considerably upon the turn of events in England. Conservatives everywhere regarded England as the strongest bulwark against the wave of reform sweeping the world. To weaken the influence of the English propertied classes thus became a major task for Paine. In the essays contained in this section, Paine continues his analysis of English society, exposes the conservative campaign to crush the French Revolution, and calls upon the people of England to establish thorough-going democratic reforms ending in the elimination of hereditary monarchy and domination of their country by the landed aristocracy and the bourgeoise. Smuggled into England and widely reprinted, these articles won popularity and diffused political knowledge among the common people. Reaction triumphed in England, but the writings of Paine were not forgotten. They had made an indelible imprint on the British working class, and their influence was to be felt in all subsequent movements for democratic reform in England.

Prospects on the Rubicon
[Published August 20, 1787.]

The Decline and Fall of the English System of Finance
[Published April 8, 1796.]

To the People of England on the Invasion of England
[Written March 6, 1804; Published May 1804.]

Remarks on English Affairs
[Published July 8, 1805.]

Of the English Navy
[Writte January 7, 1807; Published January 1807.]

LETTER TO GEORGE WASHINGTON

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 690.)

The background which led to the sending of this celebrated Letter to Washington must constantly be kept in mind in reading the document. For ten months, from December 28, 1793, until November 4, 1794, Paine remained in the Luxembourg prison, living in daily fear of being executed. To every appeal for his release he received the reply that he was considered an Englishman, not an American citizen, by the French officials, and that the government of the United States refused to regard him as citizen and authorize his release. Unaware of the role Gouverneur Morris was playing in conspiring to keep him in prison and at the same time leading the government of the United States to believe that he had done everything possible to help him, Paine grew more and more bitter toward Washington and interpreted the American President's silence as the most brutal type of ingratitude. He had ample time, moreover, to recall his past services to Washington, and especially remembered that in the fifth Crisis he had leaped to the defense of the commander-in-chief of the Continental army when he was attacked by enemies in Congress and was in danger of losing his command. The more he brooded on the subject, the more Paine was determined to expose Washington. James Monroe urged Paine not to write the letters, and dissuaded him from sending the one dated February 22, 1795. But on July 30, 1796, Paine sent the document to America.

The publication of the Letter to Washington aroused a storm in America. The Federalists seized upon it as one further proof of the determination of the French revolutionists to overthrow American institutions by using Paine to undermine popular respect for the "father of the country." Furthermore, the fact that the Letter had been written at the home of James Monroe, a leading Jeffersonian, was proof positive, they cried, that the radical forces in America were involved in this gigantic conspiracy. Finally, all who were intent upon destroying the popular influence exerted by Paine's Age of Reason pointed to the Letter as an illustration of Paine's warped mind. The extremes to which the Federalists went in denouncing Paine roused popular support for the man who had rendered America great services during her darkest hours and whose writings were widely read in this country. Moreover, many people felt that Paine was justified in charging Washington with ingratitude, and excused the bitterness of his language by pointing to his physical suffering while in prison and his precarious state of health. In Joel Barlow's notebook in the Harvard University Library is a quatrain entitled, "Thomas Paine's direction to the Sculptor who should make the statue of Washington," which reads:

"Take from the mine the coldest, hardest stone
It needs no fashion, it is Washington;
But if you chisel, let your strokes be rude
And on his breast engrave Ingratitude!"

Letter To George Washington
[July 20, 1796.]

THEOLOGICAL DISSERTATIONS

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 726.)

In these theological writings, Paine expanded many of the themes he had touched upon in The Age of Reason. Some of these essays were written to clear himself of unjustified charges; others to lend Support to the popular deistic societies in the United States. Although the essays are somewhat repetitious and dated, it must be remembered that they were significant in their day as part of the struggle against the reactionary clergy, a struggle essential for the further progress of democracy in Europe and in the United States. It also should be remembered that once men and women were severely Punished because they had the courage to Publish some of these articles. For publishing Paine's Examination of the Prophecies, Daniel Isaac Eaton was sentenced in 1811, by an English jury to eighteen months, imprisonment, and condemned to stand in the pillory for one hour in each month. For publishing Paine's Theological Works, the English publisher, Richard Carlile, was fined £1,500 and sentenced to three years' imprisonment in 1819. A year later his Mary Ann Carlile, was fined £500 and imprisoned for two years for the same offense.

Prosecution of The Age of Reason
    (Includes)
    A Letter to Mr. Erskin
    Religious Year of the Theophilanthropists
    Pricise History of the Theopholanthropists
[Published September, 1797.]

The Existence of God
[Written By January 16, 1797.]

Worship and Church Bells
[Published Summer, 1797.]

Extracts from a Reply to the Bishop of Llandaff
(Answer To The Bishop of Llandaff -- Conway's Title.)
(Part of Part III of the Age of Reason.)
[Written by 1802 based on Earlier Version, Published Oct.. 1800;
This Re-edited American Work Published Posthumously in 1810.]

Prospect Papers [Gradually Published through 1804]
     1. Remarks On R. Hall's Sermon [February 18, 1804.]
     2. Of the Word "Religion," and Other Words of Uncertain Significance
          [March 3, 1804.]
     3. Of Cain and Abel [March 31, 1804.]
     4. The Tower of Babel [March 24, 1804.]
     5. Of the Religion of Deism Compared With the Christian Religion,
          and the Superiority of the Former Over the Latter
          [June 30 & July 7, 1804.]
     6. To the Members of the Society, Styling Itself the Missionary Society
          [September 1, 1804.]
     7. Of the Sabbath-Day in Connecticut [September 15, 1804.]
     8. Of the Old and New Testament [March 31, 1804.]
     9. Hints Toward Forming A Society For Inquiring Into the Truth or
          Falsehood of Ancient History, So Far As History is Connected
          With Systems of Religion Ancient and Modern
          [July 21, 1804.]
   10. To Mr. Moore, Of New York, Commonly Called Bishop Moore
          [August 4, 1804.]
   11. To John Mason, One of the Ministers of the Scotch Presbyterian
          Church of New York, With Remarks on the Account of the Visit
          He Made to the Late General Hamilton
          [August 18, 1804.]
   12, On Deism, and the Writings of Thomas Paine [No Date.]
   13. Of the Books of the New Testament, Addressed to the Believers in
          the Book Called the Scriptures [September 1 & 8, 1804.]
   14. Biblical Blasphemy   [No Date.]
   15. Biblical Anachronism   [No Date.]
   16. Religious Intelligence   [No Date.]
   17. Remarks By Mr. Paine   [No Date.]

Origin of Freemasonry
(Part of Part III of the Age of Reason [?].)
[Written 1803 (Van der Weyde) or 1805 (Foner);
Partially Published 1810; Fully Published 1818.]

Examination of the Prophacies
     (Containing the Following Works.)
     An Essay on Dream [1803.]
     Examination of the Prophecies [1807.]
          (Main Part of Part III of the Age of Reason.)
     My Private Thoughts on a Future State [1807.]
          (Appendix to Part III of the Age of Reason.)
[Published July 1807.]

Predestination
[Writter 1809 (The Last Work of Thomas Paine);
Published 1820.]

AMERICAN ISSUES, 1791-1807

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 900.)

Paine's influence in the United States did not end with the American Revolution. His Rights of Man inspired the growth of popular democratic societies in this country, and became the book of the hour for all liberty-loving Americans . The Age of Reason influenced the rise of deistic societies, and accelerated the campaign for separation of Church and State. Many of the essays contained in this section awakened a real understanding of the basic conflict between the Federalists and the Jeffersonians, exposed the reactionary aims of the Hamiltonians, and rallied popular support for the Jeffersonian cause. Indeed, much of the personal invective heaped upon Paine by Federalist newspapers and spokesmen arose from a frantic effort to weaken his influence among the people, and to check the popularity of his writings on major issues of the day.

Thoughts on the Establishment of a Mint in the United States
[Written Before September 28, 1790; Published November 17, 1790.]

Letters To the Citizens of the United States [1802-05.]
(And Particularly to the Leaders of tthe FÊderal Faction)

1. Letter I
[No Date Written; Published November 15, 1802.]

2. Letter II
[Written November 19, 1802; Published November 22, 1802.]

3. Letter III
[Written November 26, 1802; Published November 29, 1802.]

4. Letter IV
[Written December 3, 1802; Published December 6, 1802.]

5. Letter V
[Written January 29, 1803; Published February 2, 1803.]

6. Letter VI
[Written March 12, 1803; Published May 14, 1803.]

7. Letter VII
[Written April 21, 1803; Published Late April 1803.]

8. Letter VIII
[Written June 5, 1803; Published June 7, 1805.]

Remarks on Gouverneur Morris's Funeral Oration on General Hamilton
[Written Between July 18, 1804 & Its Published Date August 7, 1804.]

To the French Inhabitants of Louisiana
[Published September 22, 1804.]

Three Letters to Morgan Lewis
[Published April 27, 1807.]

Letter To Mr. Hulbert, of Sheffield, one of the
Mortified Members of the Massachusetts Legislature
[Published March 12, 1805.]

Another Callender -- Thomas Turner of Virginia
[Published July 23 & 24, 1805.]

Constitutions, Governments, and Charters
[June, 1805.]

Constitutional Reform
[Written August 1805; Probably Published September 1805.]

A Challenge to the Federalists to Declare Their Principles
[Written October 17, 1806.]

Liberty of the Press
[Written October 19, 1806; Published October 20, 1806.]

On the Question, Will There Be War [?]
[Written August 14, 1807.]

Cheetham and His Tory Paper
[Written September 25, 1807.]

The Motion
[Written Ms. Has No Date.]

SCIENTIFIC WRITINGS

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 1020.)

The letters and documents in this section exhibit Paine's breadth and depth of approach towards scientific problems. Here and there, as has been indicated in notes accompanying the text, his limitations are evident, but, in the main, his scientific writings reveal that Paine gave great promise, and that had not other events intervened he would have become a very important engineer and inventor. His main claim to fame as an engineer is his invention of an iron bridge (the bridge over the Wear in England was built under his influence), but these letters and articles also show that he had a clear grasp of the scientific method of basing conclusions on experimentation and observation. It is indeed unfortunate that some of these writings were not published in scientific journals of the time, for many of the principles advanced by Paine were not carried out until they were discovered independently by other people decades later.

There are other discussions of scientific problems in the section of Paine's correspondence, but they are so closely connected with other issues that it has been impossible to include them in this section. The reader is urged to turn to pages :

for these additional scientific discussions.

Useful and Entertaining Hints
[Published February 10, 1775.]

Letter To His Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esquire
[December 31, 1785.]

Letter To His Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esquire
[June 6, 1786.]

Letter To Thomas Jefferson
[May, 1788.]

Patent Specification of Thomas Paine For
Constructing Arches, Vaulted Roofs, and Ceilings
[Application For Copyright on August 28, 1788.]

Letter To Thomas Jefferson
[September 7, 1788.]

Letter To Thomas Jefferson
[February 16, 1789.]

Letter To Sir George Staunton, Bart
(The Iron Bridge -- Conway's & Van der Weyde's Alternative Title.)
[Spring of 1789.]

Letter To Thomas Jefferson
[June 25, 1801.]

The Construction of Iron Bridges
[Written June, 1803.]

Letter To Thomas Jefferson
[April 20, 1805.]

The Cause of the Yellow Fever
[Written June 27, 1806.]

Of Gun-Boats
[Written March 11, 1807.]

Of the Comparative Powers and Expense of
Ships of War, Gun-Boats, and Fortifications
[Written July 21, 1807.]

To the People of New York
[Written August 1807; Published August 21, 1807.]

SONGS AND POEMS

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 1082.)

Paine's poems and songs reveal a phase of his personality too often obscured in his political and theological writings, hence they make interesting reading even when the writing is not superior. One of the poems contained in this section, Liberty Tree, ranks high in all collections of democratic literature. It is included in The Poetry of Freedom, an anthology edited by William Rose Benet and Norman Cousins.

The Death of General Wolfe
[Published March, 1775.]

Farmer Short's Dog Porter: A Tale
[July, 1775.]

The Snow-drop and the Critic
[January, 1775.]

An Account of the Burning of Bachelors' Hall
[Published March, 1775.]

Liberty Tree
[Published September 16, 1775.]

An Address To Lord Howe
[Probably no later than Howe's resignation of
his army command in May, 1778.]

Hail Great Republic
[Probably after the the War for Independence -- Foner.]
[Probably between 1802 & 1806 -- Van der Weyde.]

From the Castle in the Air, to the Little Corner of the World
[Mid-1790s (in Paris).]

The New Covenant
From theCastle in the Air to the Litttle Corner of the World
[Witten Mid-1790s (in Paris).]

Contentment; or, if You Please, Confession
[1796 (in Paris).]

Epitaph on General Charles Lee
[1797 (?).]

To Sir Robert Smyth
[Written 1800 (in Paris).]

Impromptu On A Long-Nosed Friend
[1800.]

From Mr. Paine to Mr. Jefferson
(A Federalist Feast -- Conway's Title)
[February 23, 1803 -- Foner.]
[1803 -- Conway.]

Lines Extempore, by Thomas Paine
[Written July, 1803; Published August 9, 1803.]

The Boston Patriotic Song
[No Date.]

Columbia
[No Date.]

Star in the East
[No Date.]

The Monk And The Jew
[No Date.]

The Strange Story of Korah, Dathan and Abiram
[No Date.]

MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 1108.)

Most of Paine's writings were designed progressive causes, to influence Popular feeling for but now and then be wrote on general themes for magazines and newspapers. These articles have been included in the section that follows. They reveal the vigor of style and clarity of expression that characterizes all of Paine's writings.

The Magazine in America
[Published January 24, 1775.]

New Anecdotes of Alexander the Great
[Published February, 1775.]

Cupid and Hymen
[Published March, 1775 -- Foner.]
[Published April , 1775 -- Conway.]

Reflections on Unhappy Marriages
[Published June, 1775.]

Forgetfulness
[1794.]

CORRESPONDENCE AND MEMORIALS

Editor Foner's Note
(Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, Vol. II, p. 1128.)

Many biographies of Thomas Paine have been written, but none of them present as clear a picture of the man as does his personal correspondence. Nor can anything dispel the notion that this revolutionary writer was a scatter-brain and a superficial thinker as,, effectively as do his letters and memorials. Like his writings on scientific subjects, these documents indicate that the man had a breadth and depth of vision equalled by very few Americans. Most of the letters contained in this section have remained for years in manuscript collections of libraries and historical societies, and are now for the first time made available to the public. They should do much to increase the growing respect in our country for Thomas Paine.

There are only two letters in existence which were written by Paine prior to his departure for America in October, 1774. One, to Oliver Goldsmith, Dec. 21, 1772, is printed below p.1129. The other is the following sent to the Board of Excise on July 3, 1766, in which he requests to be. reinstated to his position as an excise officer. He had been discharged from office on August 27, 1765, for taking the word of a victualer without making an examination of his stock. In his petition, Paine wrote:

Honorable Sirs:

In humble obedience to your honors' letter of discharge bearing date of August 29, 1765, I delivered up my commission and since that time have given you no trouble. I confess the justice of your honors' displeasure and humbly beg to add my thanks for the candor and lenity with which you at that unfortunate time indulged me. And though the nature of the report and my own confession cut off all expectations of enjoying your honors' favor then, yet I humbly hope it has not finally excluded me therefrom, upon which hope I humbly presume to entreat your honors to restore me. The time I enjoyed my former commission was short and unfortunate - an officer only a single year. No complaint of the least dishonesty or intemperance ever appeared against me; and, if I am so happy as to succeed in this, my humble petition, I will endeavor that my future conduct shall as much engage your honors' approbation as my former has merited your displeasure. I am your honors' most dutiful humble servant,

THOMAS PAINE.

The board, meeting on July 4, ordered that Paine "be restored on a proper vacancy."

Letter To Anonymous -- July 18, 1772.

Letter To Oliver Goldsmith -- December 21, 1772.

Letter To Honorable Benjamin Franklin, Esqr. -- March 4, 1775.

Letter To Anonymous -- August 16, 1776.

Letter To Honorable Benjamin Franklin LL.D. -- June 20, 1777.

Letter To Richard Henry Lee -- July 1, 1777.

Letter To Honorable Benjamin Franklin, LL.D. -- July 9, 1777.

Letter To William Bingham -- July 16, 1777.

Letter To Timothy Matlack -- October 30, 1777.

Letter To Honorable Richard Henry Lee -- October 30, 1777.

Letter To Henry Laurens -- Spring, 1778.

Letter To Henry Laurens -- April 11, 1778.

Letter To the Honorable Benjamin Franklin, Esqr. - I
(Letter to Franklin, In Paris -- Conway's & Van der Weyde's Title)
-- May 16, 1778.

Letter To the Honorable Benjamin Franklin, Esqr. - II
-- May 16, 1778.

Letter To His Excellency General Washington -- June 5, 1778.

Letter To Benjamin Franklin -- October 24, 1778.

Letter To Henry Laurens -- December 15, 1778.

Letter To M. Gérard -- January 2, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Congress of the United States
-- January 6, 1779.

Letter To the Congress of the United States -- January 7, 1779.

Letter To the Congress of the United States -- January 8, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Henry Laurens -- January 14, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Henry Laurens -- January 17, 1779.

Letter To Major-General [Nathanael] Greene -- January 31, 1779.

Letter To His Excellency General Washington -- January 31, 1779.

Letter To Benjamin Franklin -- March 4, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Congress of the United States
-- March 30, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Congress of the United States
-- April 3, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Congress of the United States
-- April 21, 1779.

Letter To the Continental Congress -- April 23, 1779.

Letter To the Continental Congress -- May 20, 1779.

Letter To the Continental Congress -- May 25, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Congress of the United States
-- June 17, 1779.

Letter To the Honorable Henry Laurens -- September 14, 1779.

Letter To His Excellency Joseph Reed, Esqr. -- September 18, 1779.

Letter To the Supreme Executive Council of the
State of Pennsylvania -- September 28, 1779.

Letter To the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania
-- October 11, 1779.

Letter To Blair McClenaghan (?) -- May, 1780.

Letter To the Honorable Joseph Reed -- June 4, 1780.

Letter To MajorGeneral Nathanael Greene -- September 9, 1780.

Letter To the Honorable Members of the General Assembly
of Pennsylvania -- November 3, 1780.

Letter To Major-General Nathanael Greene -- January 10, 1781.

Letter To James Hutchinson -- March 11, 1781.

Letter To Benjamin Franklin -- May 28, 1781.

Letter To His Excellency Thomas McKean, President of Congress
-- August or September, 1781.

Letter To the Honorable Robert Morris, Esq. -- September 20, 1781.

Letter To Colonel (John] Laurens -- October 4, 1781.

Letter To Hon. Robert Morris, Esq. -- November 2, 1781.

Letter To Jonathan Williams, Merchant -- November 26, 1781.

Letter To Honorable Robert Morris, Esq. -- November 26, 1781.

Letter To His Excellency General Washington -- November 30, 1781.

Letter To Benjamin Bache Franklin -- 1781.

Letter To Honorable Robert Morris -- January 24, 1782.

Letter To Robert Morris, Esq. -- February 20, 1782.

Letter To His Excellency General Washington -- March 17, 1782.

Letter To Honorable Robert Morris, Esq. -- March 17, 1782.

Letter To Honorable Robert Morris, Esq. -- March, 1782.

Letter To Robert Morris -- September 6, 1782.

Letter To His Excellency General Washington
-- September 7, 1782.

Letter To Robert Morris -- November 20, 1782.

Letter To Robert Morris -- December 7, 1782.

Letter To Robert Morris [?] -- January 23, 1783.

Letter To His Excellency Elias Boudinot, President of Congress
-- June 7, 1783.

Letter To Doctor Benjamin Rush -- June 13, 1783.

Letter To His Excellency Elias Boudinot -- June 20, 1783.

Letter To W. Wallace Junior -- June 30, 1783.

Letter To His Excellency George Washington
-- August, 1783.

Letter To His Excellency General Washington
-- September 21, 1783.

Letter To His Excellency George Washington
-- October 2, 1783.

Letter To a Committee of the Continental Congress
-- October, 1783.

Letter To George Washington [?] -- October 13, 1783.

Letter To Robert Morris -- October 14, 1783.

Letter To James Duane -- December 3, 1783.

Letter To General Lewis Morris -- February 16, 1784.

Letter To His Excellency General Washington -- April 28, 1784.

Letter To Honorable General Irwin, Vice President
-- November 27, 1784.

Letter To the Continental Congress -- August 13, 1785.

Letter To Honorable Benjamin Franklin, Esquire
-- September 23, 1785.

Letter To Temple Franklin -- September 23, 1785.

Letter To the Congress of the United States
-- September 27, 1785.

Letter To the Congress of the United States
-- September 28, 1785.

Letter To a Committee of Congress -- September, 1785.

Letter To Mr. Claypoole -- December, 1785.

Letter To Mr. Claypoole -- January, 1786.

Letter To a Member of the Pennsylvania Council -- June, 1786.

Letter To Daniel Clymer, Esq'r. -- September, 1786.

Letter To John Hall -- September 22, 1786.

Letter To George Clymer, Esquire -- November 19, 1786.

Letter To the Honorable Thomas Fitzsimmons
-- November 19, 1786.

Letter To His Excellency Benjamin Franklin -- March 31, 1787.

Letter To Benjamin Franklin -- June 22, 1787.

Letter To the Royal Academy of Sciences -- July 21, 1787.

Letter To George Clymer -- August 15, 1787.

Letter To the Right Honorable the Marquis of Lansdowne
-- September 21, 1787.

Letter To George Clymer, Esquire -- December 29, 1787.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- February 19, 1788.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- September 9, 1788.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- September 15, 1788.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- December 16, 1788.

Letter To Kitty Nicholson Few -- January 6, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Walker, Esqr. -- February 26, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- February 26, 1789.

Letter To Benjamin West -- March 8, 1789.

Letter To Anonymous -- March 16, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- April 10, 1789.

Letter To Anonymous -- May 1, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- May, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- June 17, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- June 18, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- July 13, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- September 15, 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- September 18, 1789.

Letter To Anonymous -- 1789.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- 1789.

Letter To Anonymous -- 178(?).

Letter To Anonymous -- April 16, 1790.

Letter To His Excellency George Washington -- May 1, 1790.

Letter To His Excellency George Washington -- May 31, 1790.

Letter To William Short -- June 1, 1790.

Letter To William Short -- June 4, 1790.

Letter To William Short -- June 22, 1790.

Letter To William Short -- June 24 and 25, 1790.

Letter To William Short -- June 28, 1790.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- September 28, 1790.

Letter To Messieurs Condorcet, Nicolas De Bonneville, and Lanthenas
(To the Authors of "Le Républicain" -- Conway's & Weyde's Title.)
-- June, 1791.

Letter To His Excellency George Washington -- July 21, 1791.

Letter To William Short -- November 2, 1791.

Letter To John Hall -- November 25, 1791.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State -- February 13, 1792.

Letter To George Washington, President of the United States
-- February 13, 1792.

Letter To J. S. Jordan -- February 16, 1792.

Letter To the Chairman of the Society for Promoting
Constitutional Knowledge -- May 12, 1792.

Letter To the Chairman of the Society for Promoting
Constitutional Knowledge -- May, 1792.

Letter To Benjamin Mosley
-- October 1, 1 year of the Republic [October 1, 1792].

Letter To the French National Convention -- October 27, 1792.

Letter To Citizen Le Brun -- December 4, 1792.

Letter To John King -- January 3, 1793.

Letter To Doctor James O'Fallon -- February 17, 1793.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- April 20, 1793.

Letter To Citizen Barrére -- September 5, 1793.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- October 20, 1793.

Letter To Citizen Barrére (?) -- 1793.

Letter To George Jacques Danton
-- May 6, Second year of the Republic [May 6, 1793].

Letter To Gouverneur Morris -- February 24, 1794.

Letter To the French National Convention -- August 7, 1794.
{Appeal to the Convention -- Conway's & Van der Weyde's Title.)

Letter To Samuel Adams -- March 6, 1795.

Letter To Benjamin Franklin Bache -- August 5, 1795.

Letter To James Monroe -- August 15, 1795.

Letter To James Madison -- September 24, 1795.

Letter To Gilbert Wakefield, A.B. -- November 19, 1795.

Letter To Daniel Isaacs Eaton [?] -- December 4, 1795.

Letter To James Monroe -- ??, 1795

Letter To Minister [?] -- August 13, 1796.

Letter To Colonel John Fellows [?] -- January 20, 1797.

Letter To Anonymous -- March 4, 1797.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- April 1, 1797.

Letter To Citizen President -- 24 Germinal 6 year [April 24, 1797].

Letter To Citizen Skipwith -- 5 Florial 5 year [April 26, 1797].

Letter To James Madison -- 8 Florial 5 year [April 27, 1797].

Letter To Anonymous -- May 12, 1797.
(An Answer To A Friend -- Conway's Title.)
[Published April 12, 1804.]

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- May 14, 1797.

Letter To M. Talleyrand -- [6 year] [1797].

Letter To M. Talleyrand -- 9 Vendemaire 6 year [October 9, 1797].

Letter To Citizen Barras -- December 29, 1797.

Letter To the Council of Five Hundred -- January 28, 1798.

Letter To General Brune -- 8 Brumaire, 8 year [November, 1799].

Letter To Citizen Skipwith -- Prairial 13, 8 year [June 13, 1800].

Letter To Anonymous -- 12 Thermidor, year 8 [August 12, 1800].

Letter To Thomas Jefferson - I -- October 1, 1800.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson - II -- October 1, 1800.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- October 4, 1800.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- October 6, 1800.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson
-- 24 Vendemaire year 9 [October 16, 1800].

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- June 9, 1801.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson - II -- June 25, 1801.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- October, 1801.

Letter To Elihu Palmer -- February 21, 1802.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson, -- March 17, 1802.

Letter To Consul Roth -- July 8, 1802.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- November, 1802.

Letter To Madame Bonneville -- November 15, 1802.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson
(Proposal That Louisiana Be Purchased -- Conway's & Van der Weyde's Title)
-- Christmas Day, 1802 [December 25, 1802].

Letter To the Editor of the National Intelligencer
    (Contained in the Pamphlet
    "Correspondance With the Hon. Samuel Adams" -- Van der Weyde)
   -- January 1, 1803.

Letter To Samuel Adams
    (Contained in the Pamphlet
    "Correspondance With the Hon. Samuel Adams" -- Van der Weyde)
    -- January 1, 1803.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- January 12, 1803.

Letter To Thomas Clio Rickman -- March 8, 1803.

Letter To James Monroe -- July, 1803.

Letter To Charles W. Peale -- July 29, 1803.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- August 2, 1803.

Letter To John C. Breckenridge -- August 2, 1803.

Letter To James Madison -- August 6, 1803.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- September 23, 1803.

Letter To Citizen Skipwith -- March 1, 1804.

Letter To Mr. Hyer -- March 24, 1804.

Letter To Col. John Fellows -- July 9, 1804.

Letter To Thomas Jefferson -- January 1, 1805.